Basic and Advanced Communication Services Access in Latin America: The Double Challenge
نویسندگان
چکیده
During the last two decades Latin American countries liberalized and, most of them, privatized their telecommunications industry. The reform tried to increase and maintain the public telephone network while introducing a real and sustainable competition. All in all, the analysis reveals that, although teledensity rates increased, this expansion has been unequal between the different geographical and economical regions. Since the start of this decade, with the advent of the Information Society (IS), states are, if possible, more aware of the fact that the access of the whole population to advanced telecommunication services is essential for the economic development of their countries and the reduction of poverty. Thus, twenty years after the beginning of this process, Latin American countries face a double challenge: they must continue to move forward in the expansion of basic networks and, simultaneously, they need to start generalizing the access to services that allow their soon inclusion into the Information Society. This paper analyzes past, present and future policies of four representative Latin American countries: Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Peru. The final goal of the paper is offering some guidelines for policies oriented towards the development of the Information Society while, at the same time, maintaining some of the basic objectives of universal access and deployment of communications infrastructures. Desde la década de los ochenta, pero sobretodo durante los noventa, los países latinoamericanos reformaron y privatizaron su industria de telecomunicaciones. Las reformas fueron diseñadas intentado lograr un equilibrio entre la introducción de una competencia real y sostenible, y el cumplimiento de objetivos en el despliegue de la red telefónica. En la actualidad, y desde el inicio de la década, con el advenimiento de la Sociedad de la Información, los Estados son, si cabe, más concientes del papel esencial que tiene el acceso de toda su población a los servicios de telecomunicación para el desarrollo económico de sus países y la reducción de la pobreza. Por ello, veinte años después, Latinoamérica afronta un doble reto: los países deben incrementar la cobertura y el despliegue de sus redes de comunicaciones básicas, y simultáneamente, dar los primeros pasos para la generalización del acceso a servicios avanzados que permitan su pronta y completa incorporación a la llamada Sociedad de la Información. Este estudio analiza cuatro países representativos de la región: Brasil, Chile, México y Perú. El objetivo del estudio es presentar algunas directivas que ayuden en la elaboración de planes para el desarrollo de la Sociedad de la Información, sin dejar de lado los objetivos básicos de Servicio Universal y despliegue de infraestructuras.
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تاریخ انتشار 2005